Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors in Makassar’s Muslim Family Related to the Faith and Religion

Health is one of the gifts given by God to all his followers that must be maintained and grateful. A man will not feel happiness if he does not have health even though he has a lot of wealth. Therefore, we are required to maintain health before the health is lost. Healthy is a condition free from the problem of meeting the basic needs of the community or is a dynamic balance as a result of success that overcomes stressors. [1].

Health Law No.23 of 1992 provides restrictions on health, namely the state of welfare of the body, soul and social that allows everyone to live productively socially and economically. This latest restriction is lifted from health restrictions according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [2]. Islam is the one religion in the world. Various aspects of human life are organized within Islam, including health problems. Islam highly upholds the health in which many of the human beings are deceived from such health. Clean and Healthy Living Behavior is the essence and human right to maintain its survival. This is in line with the world health organization constitution in 1948 agreed among others that obtaining the highest level of health is a fundamental right for everyone regardless of race, religion, politics and socioeconomic level. A high degree of health can be obtained if everyone has health-related behaviors [3]. Clean and Healthy Living Behavior is one of the government’s priority programs through Public Health Center (PHC) and becomes an external target in the implementation of health development, as mentioned in the Strategy Plan of the Ministry of Health in 2010-2014, (Ministry of Health, 2011) in Clean and Healthy Living Behavior [3]. Clean and Healthy Living Behavior objectives are not only limited to hygiene, but must be more comprehensive and broader, including changes in the physical environment, biological environment and sociocultural environment of society so as to create a health-minded environment and changes in clean and healthy living behavior [3].

Based on the results of the health profile of districts/cities in 2010 households are monitored 87.80% and there are 60.91% of households who implement a clean and healthy lifestyle, which means that the achievement of the program has not reached the target of Healthy Indonesia indicators namely (65%) while in 2011 households were monitored 60.04% and there were 57.44% of households implementing a clean and healthy lifestyle, in 2012 households were monitored 61.80 and there were 54.85% of households implementing a clean and healthy lifestyle as for the highest achievement of Makassar city district (72.41%) and the lowest in Maros district (22.97%). While in 2013 households were monitored 64.20 and there were 53.41% of households implementing a clean and healthy lifestyle as for the highest achievements, namely prepare city district (81,71%) Bone district (22.83%) and Makassar (72.89%) (South Sulawesi Health Center, 2015). Households that implement a clean and healthy lifestyle that is successfully monitored in the village of Antang are divided by the working area of the Public Health Center, namely in the Antang PHC of 3,376 monitored that implement a clean and healthy lifestyle as much as 3,208 (95.0%), Antang of 5.5 455 monitored who implemented a clean and healthy lifestyle as many as 4,824 (88.4%), and in Tamangapa PHC of 7,023 monitored who implemented a clean and healthy lifestyle as many as 4,868 (69.3%). (Makassar City Health Office, 2017). Taklim (applied) ceremony is held every week on Thursday night after magrib prayer until isya at Nur Taqwa Antang Raya Mosque, Manggala District, Makassar City. Taklim Council was attended by the community and surrounding areas with a total of 40 people. In the initial interview conducted there were some of the taklim assembly members who had good clean and healthy living behaviors. Therefore, based on the description above researchers are encouraged to conduct research on the relationship of Islamic teachings on health with Clean and Healthy Living Behavior family order members of the taklim council of Nur Taqwa Antang Raya Mosque, Makassar.

The purpose of this study in general is to identify the relationship of Islamic teachings on health with Clean and Healthy Living Behavior order by family members of the taklim council in Nur Taqwa Antang Raya Mosque

This type of research is correlational research with cross sectional study approach. Correlational research examines the relationship between variables. The research was conducted at Luqmanul Hakim Antang Mosque conducted in June 2017. The population in this study is all members of the taklim council of Masjid Luqmanul Hakim Antang which amounts to 40 people. The sample technique used is purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is a sampling technique by selecting samples among the population according to the researcher’s wishes (purpose/problem in the study). So that the sample can represent previously this is known population characteristics.

This research was conducted in Nur taqwa Antang mosque which was transferred by the manager of the mosque to the mosque Luqmanul Hakim Antang started on July 15 to August 16, 2017. The number of respondents as a sample of the study was 19 respondents, using the Cross-Sectional Study. Data retrieval was using questionnaire measuring instruments. After data retrieval, the next step is data processing using SPSS program. Further analysis of the results of the complete study will be presented in the form of a table covering the characteristics of respondents, analysis of univariate data against each variable to produce frequency distribution and bivariate analysis to see the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables using the chisquare formula, where the level of meaning α=0.05

The results of the research obtained are as follows:

Characteristics of respondents

a. Age

Based on the table above (Table 1) seen the most characteristics of respondents who have the age of 31-40 years as many as 10 people (22.6%) and respondents who have the age of 21-30 years as many as 6 people (31.6%), and respondents who have the age of 41-50 years as many as 2 people (10.5%), and the least is the age of 51-65 years that is as much as 1 person (5.3%).

Table 1: Characteristics of Respondents by age at Luqmanul Hakim Antang mosque 2017.

b. Gender

Based on the table above (Table 2) of the 19 respondents in this study, all were male with a total of 19 people (100%).

Table 2: Respondent Characteristics by Gender at Luqmanul Hakim Antang mosque 2017.

c. Education

Based on the table above (Table 3) of 19 respondents in this study, 1 person (5.3%) No School, 2 people (10.5%) finished elementary school, 1 person (5.3%) junior high school graduation, 10 people (52.6%) high school graduation, and 5 people (26.3%) at university.

Table 3: Characteristics of Respondents based on education at Luqmanul Hakim Antang mosque 2017.

d. Work

Based on the table above (Table 4) it can be known that the distribution of the most types of work is private as many as 9 people (47.4%), traders as many as 4 people (21.1%), and respondents who do not work, civil servants and other jobs have the same number of 2 people (10.5%).

Table 4: Characteristics of Respondents by occupation at Luqmanul Hakim mosque Antang 2017.

Characteristics of variables studied

a. Univariate Analysis

The characteristics studied in this study include hand washing orders, defecation, smoking bans and clean and healthy living behaviors of members of the mosque taklim assembly luqmanul hakim Antang.

a) Handwashing orders

Based on the table above (Table 5) above it can be known that of the 19 respondents, who performed handwashing orders as many as 12 people (63.2%) and who did not do as many as 7 people (36.8%).

Table 5: Frequency Distribution Based on Hand Washing Orders of Members of compound Luqmanul Hakim mosque, Antang 2017.

b) Defecation

Based on the table above (Table 6) above it can be known that out of 19 respondents, who performed defecation healthy style as many as 13 people (68.4%) and who did not do as many as 6 people (31.6%)./

Table 6: Frequency Distribution Based on defecation healthy style of member Luqmanul Hakim mosque compound Antang 2017.

c) Smoking

Based on the table above (Table 7) it can be known that out of 19 respondents, who did smoking ban as many as 14 people (73.7%) and who did not do as many as 5 people (26.3%).

Table 7: Frequency Distribution Based on Smoking Ban member of Luqmanul Hakim mosque compound Antang 2017

d) Clean and healthy living behavior

Based on the table above (Table 8) above, it can be known that out of 19 respondents, who had good clean and healthy living behaviors as many as 13 people (68.4%) and the less good as many as 6 people (31.6%).

Table 8: Frequency Distribution Based on Clean and Healthy Living of Members of Luqmanul Hakim mosque compound Antang Year 2017.

b. Bivariate analysis

To see the relationship between Islamic teachings about health and clean and healthy living behavior of the family order of members of the compound assembly of the mosque Luqmanul hakim then used chi-square test using computer aids, with a level of meaning α=0.05.

a) Relationship of hand washing orders with clean and healthy living behavior

Based on the table above (Table 9) it can be known that as many as 12 respondents (63.2%) do hand washing orders with good clean and healthy living behavior, 0 respondents (0.0%) doing hand washing orders with poor clean and healthy living behavior. While 1 respondent (5.3%) do not do hand washing orders with good clean and healthy living behaviors and 6 respondents (31.6%) do not carry out hand washing orders with poor clean and healthy living behaviors. Based on the table above it is also seen that with the chi square test used in this study to find out the relationship between hand washing orders and clean and healthy living behaviors obtained a significant figure of 0.000 which means there is a linear relationship between hand washing orders and clean and healthy living behaviors.

Table 9:Relationship of Hand Washing Orders with Clean and Healthy Living Behavior of compound Assembly Members of Luqmanul Hakim mosque Antang 2017.

b) Relationship of defecation with clean living behavior and Healthy

Based on the table above (Table 10) it can be known that as many as 13 respondents (68.4%) are doing defecation with good clean and healthy living behavior, 0 respondents (0.0%) doing defecation with clean and healthy living behaviors that are not good. While 0 respondents (0.0%) do not do defecation with good clean and healthy living behavior and 6 respondents (31.6%) do not do defecation with clean and healthy behaviors that are not good. Based on the table above also seen that with the chi square test used in this study to find out the relationship between defecation waste and clean and healthy living behavior obtained a significant figure of 0.000 which means there is a linear relationship between defecation waste and clean and healthy living behavior.

Table 10: Defecation healthy style Relationship with Living Behavior and Healthy compound Assembly Members of Luqmanul Hakim mosgue Antang 2017.

c) The relationship of smoking ban with clean living behavior and Healthy.

Based on the table above (Table 11) it can be known that as many as 13 respondents (68.4%) smoking ban with good clean and healthy living behavior, 1 respondent (5.3%) is smoking with poor clean and healthy living behaviors. While 0 respondents (0.0%) smoking ban with good clean and healthy living behavior and 5 respondents (26.3%) do not do smoking ban with clean and healthy living behaviors that are not good. Based on the table above also seen that with the chi square test used in this study to find out the relationship between smoking ban with clean and healthy living behavior obtained a significant figure of 0.001 which means there is a linear relationship between defecation with clean and healthy living behavior.

Table 11: The Relationship of Smoking Ban with Living Behavior Clean and Healthy compound Assembly Members Luqmanul Hakim mosque Antang 2017.

Based on the results of the study by comparing with the existing evidence and theories, it can be stated:

Relationship of hand washing orders with clean and healthy living behavior.

The univariate analysis showed that out of 19 respondents who were in the category of doing hand washing orders as many as 12 people (63.2%) and who are in the category of not doing hand washing orders as many as 7 people (36.8%). Researchers assume that the factor that causes respondents to perform hand washing orders is the faith factor, in which respondents wash their hands because they are instructed in religion. God said in the Qur’an “you who have believed, when you are about to pray, wash your face and your hands to your elbows, and wipe your heads and wash your feet to the ankles...” [4]. Based on the word of god above, the Muslims at least wash their limbs 5 times a day that is during wudoo’ for prayer. Washing your hands while wudoo’ has health benefits. Washing the face and both hands to both elbows have a very large function in removing dust and various microbes, in addition to removing sweat from the surface of the skin. It also cleanses the skin of oily materials produced by the discharge of the skin glands. This by acclamation is a very relevant habitat for the life and breeding of germs. [4]. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of God be upon him) also said as mentioned in the previous chapter, namely “If any of you wake up from sleep, do not put your hands into the laver until it is washed three times because one of you does not know where his hands are”(HR. Bukhari and Muslim). (Shaykh Abu Bakr jabir al-Jaza’iri, 2013)

This assumption is reinforced by a history of hand washing in which it is the custom of the Messenger of Allah and his companions, narrated by Abu Al-Ghadiyah al-Yamani, he said “One time I came to Medina. The messenger of Kathir ibn Ash-Shalt came, and he called them. However, there was no one standing other than Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) and five others among them. They then went and ate. Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) washed his hands and said, ‘O you who are in the mosque, by Allah, you have violated abu al-Qasim “ (HR). Ahmad) in (Yusuf Al-Hajj Ahmad). The respondents who were on the criteria did not do that amounted to 7 people (36.8%), researchers claimed that the respondents had not fully carried out this order; this is evidenced by the observations made. Where they are still forgotten to wash their hands before eating. Based on statistical tests with chi-square method with a meaning level of α=0.05, obtained the value of p=0,000<α=0.05 this indicates that Ho was rejected, and Ha accepted thus “there is a relationship between hand washing orders and clean and healthy living behavior”.

Defecation healthy style relationship with clean and healthy living behavior

The univariate analysis showed that out of 19 respondents who were in the category of doing defecation healthy style as many as 13 people (68.4%) and who are in the category of not conducted defecation healthy style waste as many as 6 people (31.6%). The researchers assumed that the respondents performed a banishment because of the faith factor in which the defecation healthy style had been regulated in the religion of Islam long before it was determined by the health service of the Republic of Indonesia listed in the program of clean and healthy living behavior as well as the command to wash hands. Carrying out adab defecation inside and outside the household will form a clean and healthy environment. A clean and healthy environment is one of the things loved by Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala and is half of the faith and this is one of the reasons respondents do this adab that is to get god’s affection and the harmony of faith. God said

“.... Surely Allah loves those who repent and those who purify themselves.” (Al-Baqarah [2] :222). (Shaykh Abu Bakr jabir al- Jaza’iri, 2013). The Messenger of God (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Purity is half faith” (HR. Muslim: 1, The Book of Ath-thaharah). The respondents who were on the criteria did not do that amounted to 6 people (31.6%). researchers claimed that respondents have not fully carried out this order, where respondents have not met some criteria set by researchers, such as some respondents who have not been able to carry out custom of defecation while outdoors or are not finding latrines or the like. Based on statistical tests with chi-square method with a value of α=0.05, obtained the value of p=0,000 <α=0.05 this indicates that Ho was rejected, and Ha accepted thus “there is a relationship between defecation custom with clean and healthy living behavior”.

Smoking prohibition relationship with clean and healthy living behavior

Univariate analysis showed that out of 19 respondents who were in the category of smoking ban as many as 14 people (73.7%) and who are in the category of not doing custom defecation deed as many as 5 people (26.3%). Researchers assume that respondents do not smoke in the sense of not smoking, the same as the previous independent variable, namely because of the faith factor, where smoking is one of the things that are harmful to the body and all that is dangerous is prohibited in religion to be consumed or such. God said

“... And let us not kill you. An-Nisa [4] :29) The verse above is a very strong foundation to leave everything that is harmful to the body such as cigarettes. The cultural center in Halab city once held a seminar on health. In the seminar delivered scientific speeches by doctors who have similar views that cigarettes are harmful to health. Cigarettes are important factors that cause the onset of throat cancer, lung cancer, heart attack, tuberculosis, gastric injury and others. Cigarettes contain a variety of toxins, while the most dangerous toxins are nicotine, tar and various other damaging toxins. [5] Dr. Kan’an Al Jabi, professor of the Faculty of Medicine, in a scientific lecture openly stated “I have been dealing with cankey disease for twenty-five years. All patients with throat cancer can be sure to be smokers.....”. Another doctor, doctor Akhsa-I, an internal medicine specialist, in his talk asserted that smoking ten cigarettes a day is very dangerous for health. Then he said, “Ninety percent of cancer patients are smokers”. [5]. Based on some of the facts revealed by some of the specialists above, it is really a proof that cigarettes are one of the objects that are harmful to the body that is certainly prohibited in Islam to be consumed. Indeed, faith and believe of God is an obligation that has benefits in this world and the Hereafter [6-24].

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