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Novel Techniques in Nutrition and Food Science

University Bean Collection in the Prospect of Nutritional Research

Aytasheva ZG*, Zhumabaeva BA, Dzhangalina ED and Lebedeva LP

Department of molecular biology and genetics, Kazakhstan

*Corresponding author:Aytasheva ZG, Department of molecular biology and genetics, Kazakhstan

Submission: February 01, 2019; Published: March 12, 2019

DOI: 10.31031/NTNF.2019.03.000567

ISSN:2640-9208
Volume3 Issue4

Abstract

Current experimental program has been carried out in order to determine the outputs of crop rotation in mountain and steppe areas in the outskirts of Almaty. The main morphogenetic characters have been studied by implying the collection of common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L composed of several samples from such countries as Kazakhstan, China, Czech Republic, Poland, Turkey, Russia and USA, generated under different climate and soil conditions. A series of useful genetic resources displaying major economically valuable traits were identified. Several introduced cultivars of common bean have revealed proper seed emergence rate, suitable maturation and significant resistance to the water scarcity [1,2]. Some Kazakhstani varieties have been shown to surpass foreign specimens and cultivars by the seed weight and other parameters. It has been indicated that cv. “Luna” from Czech collection would get maturation the first (80 days from planting to complete technical maturity), whereas the rest of cultivars have been recorded to rich the same conditions a decade later [3]. Local specimen “Aktatti” has manifested its response to the effect of new bio-organic mineral fertilizer synthesized by the Faculty of Chemistry [4]. Basic catalogue of common bean resources including approximately 40 parental cultivars and accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris L and their relatives originally from different geographic regions has been compiled [5].

The data have been completed by quantitative and qualitative amino acid analysis. Kazakhstani and external cultivars and specimens respectively have been subdivided by the data on amino acid composition of seeds further tested by liquid chromatography. Essential amino acids have been determined to set up approximately 30% of the total content of amino acids among Kazakhstani specimens [6]. If tyrosination index (Phe/Tyr ratio) for external varieties was equal to 0.88-0.89, local specimens have shown the similar index to be around 0.90-0.95. This difference may emphasize the role of powerful membrane proteins in strengthening domestic lines by a composite stability (resilience, temperature and metabolic) when compared to international common bean specimens under investigation [7]. Following research on domestic bean collection in terms of the application of another developing branches of bean biology and biotechnology is considered to require special attention of researchers and authorities in charge [8].

Keywords: Common bean; Cultivar; Catalogue of stock resources; Amino acid composition

Introduction

Summarizing the list of the most studied medical effects caused by the common bean it is noteworthy to mention its usefulness as: antidiabetic food, activator of the alimentary tract, positive regulator of cardiovascular network, the skin signifier, relieving food additive for the fatigue, mitigating additive for the rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, cold treating substance, preventing agent of Alzheimer’s disease, bones fortifier, anti-aging effector, the agent against cataract [9-12]. Contraindications to the use of the common bean concern patients with gastritis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, high acidity, ulcer, colitis, and gout. Seeds of 17 cultivars and specimens of Phaseolus vulgaris L were sown in the mountains [13-15]. 20 cultivars and lines of common bean and its relatives (broad bean, Vicia faba L. and Turkish beans, Phaseolus coccineus L.) were planted in the steppe zone. Experiments were focused on percentage of emergence, length of pods and the content of amino acids in seeds. For this purpose, the method of liquid chromatography was used. To increase germination, we introduced 25-30g of domestic bioorganic fertilized per plot 25-35 days after planting with moderate watering [16].

Judging by the studies fulfilled, “Nazym” specimen has been attributed to a unique line demonstrating unique morphogenetic characters. By quantities of few amino acids (Glu, Asp, Ala, and Pro) local bean samples have been shown to outstrip external cultivars more than two times [17]. The unique features of local bean specimen “Nazym” was confirmed by computational estimation of essential amino acids. Current progress in bean biology and biotechnology may be explained by growing diversification of this research area. Major trends could be classified as shown in Table 1.

Table 1:List of research trends in common bean biology and biotechnology.


Conclusion

Analysis of morphogenetic traits across different accessions has allowed to compile the basic catalogue of original P. vulgaris cultivars and lines. It includes more than 40 parental specimens and their relatives of different origin. Local line “Nazym” has appeared to be quite promising to be grown commercially in South- East regions of Kazakhstan for ornamental and nutritional aims. This line is also referred to be advanced by the essential amino acids content, surpassing the reference cultivars and lines under investigation. Further development of domestic bean collection for the application to another directions of bean biology and biotechnology is regarded to need joint efforts of researchers and authorities in charge.

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