Abstract

Multiple genetic alterations must accumulate within a cell in order for it to become malignant throughout the development and growth of a tumour. One must identify as many of the genetic changes that occur during cancer development in order to comprehend the biology that underlies the disease. Our current understanding of the chromosomal basis of cancer was built on that chromosome aberrations play a crucial role in the malignant transformation of a normal cell. Numerous genomic tools, the transcriptional activity of protein-coding genes is regulated by these tiny non-coding RNA molecules in mammals. When present in amounts above a particular threshold, the heavy metals cadmium, arsenic, and nickel are all cancer-causing.

Keywords:Malignant transformation; Genetic; Chromosome; Genomics transformation; Heavy metal