Abstract

Obesity is a health condition presented in the form of excessive fat in the organism. It occurs when calories intake exceeds calories expended over an extended period of time. It some cases it is hereditary. Diabetes is a condition in which excessive amounts of some substances are excreted or siphoned from the body. It is due primarily to a lack of or functional deficiency in glucose regulatory hormone called insulin, leading to excessive and chronically high levels of glucose in the blood causing hyperglycemia. Biotechnology tools such as tissue culture methods, cytogenetics and DNA analysis have made amniocentesis safe and prenatal diagnosis accurate and prevention of serious birth defects possible. This has been made wholly possible through genetic screening and counselling services of biotechnology. The advent of molecular genetics and the genome editing tools has rendered tremendous help to humanity in the area of disease diagnosis, identification, characterization, control, management and eradication. The use of gene therapy has also made molecular medicine very important and indispensable in this 21st century. The use of genetic screening and genetic counselling tools has also made it possible for early diagnosis, identification and elimination of genetic related diseases. Genetic counselling has made marriages productive with less birth defects as well as management and prevention of the sickle cell anemic offspring from couples. These have been successfully accomplished through availability of DNA amplification procedure using allele specific oligonucleotide probes, screening for polymorphisms associated with wide variety of common diseases of public health importance including diabetes and obesity. The identification and subsequent treatment of early life genetic defect before birth had made it possible to prevent, control and eliminate genetic based diseases in organism thereby saving life and reducing human mortality and have remained invaluable in public health assessment worldwide.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Obesity; Remedies; Nutritional diseases