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Gerontology & Geriatrics Studies

Chronic Psychological Stress Induced Microbial Imbalance (Dysbiosis) Mediated Auto-Immune Diseases - A Current Concept

Shrihari TG*

Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, India

*Corresponding author: Shrihari TG, Assistant professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru-562157, India

Submission: April 13, 2018;Published: April 17, 2018

DOI: 10.31031/GGS.2018.03.000551

ISSN 2578-0093
Volume3 Issue1

Introduction

Chronic psychological stress induced release of CRH (corticotrophic releasing hormone) from hypothalamus activates HPA-axis (hypothalamo pituitary adrenal axis) through autonomic nervous system release cortisol, ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic releasing hormone), and noradrenaline neuropeptides. These neuropeptides activates inflammatory mediators such as IL-1 β, TNF-α, IL-6, pro-inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 inflammatory mediator from inflammatory cells (6-9).

Role of Psychological Stress in Microbial Imbalance and Autoimmunity

Chronic psychological stress mediated release of neuropeptide’s such as cortisol, ACTH, and noradrenaline results in altered oral and gut micro flora consists of bacterias, viruses, fungi, protozoa, known as dysbiosis [1-5]. These altered microflora is recognized by PAMP (pathogen associated molecular patterns) belongs to toll like receptors (TLR) present on immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes activate NFkB a key transcription factor involved in conversion of Th1 to Th2 lymphocytic type, Th17 cells involved in immunomodulation and chronic inflammation [6-8]. Tregs (regulatory T cells ) alteration otherwise involved in self tolerance and immune homeostasis, activation of matrix metalloproteases (mmps) involved in tissue damage and cell proliferation by growth factors such as EGF , VEGF, FGF, all these changes leads to autoimmune diseases.

References

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© 2018 Shrihari TG. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.