Abstract

Background: The most recent evidence shows some nutritional phenotypes that may confer risk of unfavorable outcomes, but few investigations are undertaken to demonstrate risk profiles. Our study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the cardiometabolic risk between Normal-Weight Obesity (NWO) and Normal-Weight Central Obesity (NWCO) in patients hospitalized with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).
Method: In our cross-sectional study, we included individuals aged over 50 years who were admitted to a cardiology hospital and diagnosed with ACS.
Result: Our study included a sample of 147 participants, with an average age of 65.9±8.2 years. The prevalence of NWO was 10.4%, and NWCO was 5.6%. NWO was found to be more frequent among men (p=0.031) in individuals with hypertension (p=0.047) and those who presented a sedentary lifestyle (p=0.024). The frequency of NWCO was higher among women (p<0.001). Our analysis revealed that mortality was more frequent among individuals with NWO (p=0.038). There was a greater need for surgical interventions in cases where excessive weight and excessive body fat coexisted (p=0.033). Notably, the occurrence of metabolic syndrome was more prominent in individuals with NWCO and in cases where both central obesity and excessive weight were present (p<0.05). Individuals with NWCO had higher levels of total blood cholesterol and troponin (p<0.05).
Conclusion: A higher prevalence of individuals with the NWO phenotype was observed, while the NWCO phenotype was present to a lesser extent. The NWO phenotype was indicative of the worst-case scenario, as it exhibited an association with higher mortality rates. The NWCO phenotype demonstrated a more pronounced association with metabolic syndrome and elevated serum levels of total cholesterol and troponin. Accurate diagnosis of both obesity phenotypes is of paramount importance, given their significant implications for clinical cardiovascular risk and overall survival.

Keywords:Obesity; Abdominal obesity; Cardiovascular diseases; Acute coronary syndrome