Abstract

Mitochondria is described as various key functions such as cell cycle regulation, proliferation, apoptosis, and innate immune responses, in addition to power generation. The mitochondrion is relatively simple as consists of the outer membrane, inner membrane, proteins, lipids, and mitochondrial DNA that has substantial similarity to bacterial DNA. Mitochondrial morphology is in a dynamic state being modified continuously enabling the organelle to move, fuse, and fission depending on functional requirements of the cell, Although the changing states of mitochondria are described in detail, researchers are usually silent about the energy needed to maintain such dynamics. Mitochondria disorders are quite common in many diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Compared to other organs such as heart, brain and liver, the lung has fewer mitochondria. Theoretically lungs rely on glycolysis more than oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. Furthermore, the role of mitochondria in normal lung homeostasis and importance of mitochondrial dysfunction/damage in the pathology of lung diseases remain poorly understood.

Keywords:Mitochondria; Energy; ATP; Homeostasis; Hydrogen; Oxygen; Water dissociation; COVID-19; Hyperoxia