Abstract

Seahorses, members of the genus Hippocampus, are ecologically significant and charismatic marine species found in diverse coastal ecosystems across the globe. Climate change poses a substantial threat to their populations and habitats, with rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and extreme weather events impacting their physiology, behavior, distribution, and reproduction. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of seahorses in the context of a changing climate, examining its effects on both populations and habitats. We discuss the impacts of rising sea temperatures on seahorse physiology and reproduction, the consequences of ocean acidification on their exoskeletons and prey availability, and the ramifications of extreme weather events on habitat destruction and fragmentation. Furthermore, we highlight recent research studies that assess seahorse vulnerability and resilience to climate change, shedding light on potential distribution shifts and extinction risks. Finally, we explore ongoing conservation efforts and strategies aimed at preserving seahorse populations and habitats in the face of climate change, such as habitat restoration and protection projects, international collaborations, and public awareness campaigns. By fostering interdisciplinary research, engaging local communities, and promoting global cooperation, this article aims to raise awareness and inform future research and conservation initiatives, paving the way towards a more sustainable and resilient world for seahorses and the marine ecosystems they inhabit.

Keywords:Seahorse; Climate change; Ocean acidification; Habitat degradation; Conservation effort