Abstract

In recent years, research has begun on the hydrology of very unusual objects - the socalled Caspian transgressive seas. They are so named because the level of these seas was significantly higher than the level of the World Ocean. These seas were formed during the melting of glaciers from fresh water and this water, getting through the straits into the Mediterranean Sea, caused a significant freshening of Mediterranean waters. Studies have shown that the formation of transgressive seas is associated with a number of global hydrological and geological processes: climate change, the formation of continental glaciers in the form of ice mountains, the formation of the Bosphorus, Dardanelles, Manych straits, changes in the salinity of water bodies, migration of fish, animals and primitive people, and the other processes on the globe. Thus, the study of the hydrology of seas, which no exist for a long time, showed the need to study processes with a completely different mechanism. For example, it is highly likely that the formation of the deep-sea basin of the Black Sea is associated with the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean [1-4].