Abstract

Microorganisms are involved and responsible for most of the biogeochemical cycles in both terrestrial and marine environments, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and iron [1,2]. Their diversity and abundance is extremely high, in the air, in the soil and in the water. Microbes are ubiquitous, from extreme environments (called extremophiles) to more hospitable conditions, acidic or basic, wet or dry, saline, pollutedwith heavy metals or hydrocarbons, microorganisms are always there. Highlights from the Census of Marine Life (2010). Has revealed the unbelievable fact that the number of bacteria in the open oceanexceeds 1029, representing more than 90% ofthe total marine biomass, and more thanonemillion living bacteriain each millilitre of sea water [3].