Preparation of Animal Food

Some years ago, Martínez et al. [1] they treated some aspects of the upgrade of the bovine facilities in Germany and their possible introduction in the countries of the south, specifically in the Cuban case; in that occasion it particularizes in the case of the facilities and their productive infrastructure. Presently work will be approached the technologies that exist in Germany to satisfy the feeding demands for this livestock type of agreement with Martínez [2], in Cuba the feeding of the bovine livestock is carried out in grasslands and hills in an intensive way (rotation for small extensions) and extensive (in big earth extensions) dedicated to these tools. Also, by means of the use of diets that contain concentrated allowances, to which are denominated piensos. These allowances denominated piensos are quite expensive, when having to care most of the input and motivated by the preparation of these, which are elaborated to industrial scale in factories specialized in these operations [3-5]. The fundamental inputs for the preparation of these concentrated allowances (piensos) are grains, albumin supplements, mineral salts, medications and antibiotics among others. Other forms of feeding of the bovine livestock in Cuba are by means of the green forage and the hay makers, however; the technology of preparation of hay in ballers and the technology of the silage is quite depressed at the present time, due to different factors such as: great deterioration of the machinery used in this works and a low capacity and quality of grasses and forages for these operations [6-9]. For such a reason this work has as objective: to present some variants of animal food preparation in Germany so that they can be valued and pondered by the people to make it be possible (special finding) of their introduction in the case of Cuba [10,11]. Maximum in the current moments where the country bets to give a total overturn to the animal feeding with endogenous resources and with the participation of state and private producers, in the two fundamental branches of the bovine production (milk and meat) [12-14].

In the work you can appreciate that for the breeding and development of the biggest bovine livestock (GVM), of any purpose (milk, meat or double purpose) a fundamental premise is to guarantee its feeding of quality and quantity during the whole year. The work shows the German methodologies for the preparation of animal food going to the biggest bovine livestock (GVM), which they are simple, reliable and robust. These methodologies are used to small, median and great scale in the German bovine facilities [15]. All these technologies could be transferred to the Cuban case to real scale for their valuation and setting in practice using our agricultural endogenous resources; as much the technologies as the agricultural materials with which is counted for the obtaining of the maximum productive potential of our bovine livestock bigger than different purposes, however, are clear that the important thing is to have the financial resources and the political will to make them reality. The road to achieving the above-mentioned could be foreign- owned investment, which has proven its effectiveness in other domestic productive areas [16].

Finally, it is inferred that without an animal feeding of quality and quantity, increments cannot be expected in the bovine production in Cuba in next years. For such a reason, with this work it is suggested that the people to make decision (decisores) has the possibility to carry out an analysis and pondered valuation of these technologies for their possible introduction in the country. An amplification of this mini revision will be consulted in the next papers that will be published of the Cuban magazine Titled: “Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias”. La Habana. Cuba.

1. Martínez C, Oechsner H, Kanswohl N, Schlegel M (2009) Instalaciones para ganado vacuno lechero. Tendencias actuales. (Facilities for livestock bovine milkman. Current tendencies).
2. Martínez C (2015) Instalaciones agropecuarias. Fundamentos y elementos de cá Libro de texto. (Agricultural facilities. Foundations and calculation elements). Textbook. UCLV. Editorial Félix Varela, La Habana, Cuba, ISBN 978-959-07-1708-6, p.241.
3. Becker M (1967) Análisis y valoración de pastos y forrajes. Editorial Ciencia y técnica, Instituto del libro. La Habana, Cuba, p.201.
4. Catálogo (2002) Dr. PIEPER Technologie und Produktentwicklung GMBH. Silomais, Germany.
5. Handbuch (2001) Landwirtschaftliche Betriebsgebaude. Planungshilfe, Funktions und Bauanleitungen, Germany, ISBN-3-7843-3039-8.
6. Iglesias C, Soto W (1987) Mecanización de los procesos pecuarios. Tomo I. Ediciones ENPES. La Habana, Cuba, p.
7. Jungbluth T, Buescher W, Krause M (2013) Technik Tierhaltung. Gundwissen Bachelor. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. Germany, p.304.
8. Jungbluth T, Buescher W, Krause M (2017) Technic Tierhaltung. 2. Auflage. Verlag Eugen Ulmer. Stuttgart, Germany, p.322.
9. Kimakobski BI, Ortiz R, Benítez D (1979) Consumo de hierba de animales en pastoreo. Metodología para su determinació Instituto de Ciencia Animal (ICA), La Habana, Cuba, p.15.
10. Martínez C y Cruz Maykel Díaz (2019) Fundamentos de mecanización agropecuaria. (Foundations of agricultural mechanization). Textbook. Editorial Félix Varela, La Habana, Cuba, ISBN 978-959-07-2327-8, p. 215.
11. (2011) NRAG 185, Suelos. Ensilado de forraje. Especificaciones, p.10.
12. (2012) NC 884, Código de Buenas prácticas de alimentación animal, p.17.
13. (1993) CXA-4, Clasificación de alimentos y piensos, p. 183.
14. (2013) CXG-80, Directrices sobre la aplicación de la evaluación de riesgo en los piensos, p.7.
15. Viviani E, Barbarossa R (2022) Heno de calidad. Sitio argentino de producción animal.
16. https://www.dr-pieper.com/