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COJ Nursing & Healthcare

Degenerated Uterine Submucous Fibroid Prolapsing Through Lower Uterine Segment Caesarian Scar

Devika Gunasheela*, Jyothi Menon and Ashwin N

Gunasheela Fertility Centre, India

*Corresponding author: Devika Gunasheela, Gunasheela Fertility Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 004, India, Tel: 91 80 - 4131 2600 / 2601/91 80 - 2667 3585 / 3586 / 3589, Email: gunasheelaivf@gmail.com

Submission: February 19, 2018;Published: April 20, 2018

DOI: 10.31031/COJNH.2018.02.000539

ISSN: 2577-2007
Volume2 Issue3

Introduction

Leiomyomas (Fibroids) are the most common benign tumors of the uterus and are found in approximately 2% of pregnant women. Degeneration of leiomyoma occurs secondary to loss of blood supply and is usually attributable to rapid growth associated with pregnancy. We report the management of a case of posterior wall large degenerated submucous fibroid prolapsing through the lower segment cesarean (LSCS) scar [1].

Case Report

A 32 year old woman para2 live2 presented with pain abdomen and menorrhagia on her 23rd post-operative day after LSCS. At the time of admission patient was stable, her vitals were normal. Abdominal examination revealed a 20 weeks mass arising from pelvis, which is firm to cystic in consistency, tender with ill defined smooth edges. Per speculum and vaginal examination revealed 2 x 3cm prolapsed fibroid polyp. Cervical ring was felt all around the polyp with foul smelling, brown discharge [2].

Pre-operative blood investigations were within the normal limits. Ultrasound examination revealed 14x 10 x 8 x m submucous fibroid arising from posterior wall of uterus. MRI showed 14.3 x 8.1 x 10.2cm submucous fibroid in uterine cavity. Patient was treated conservatively with intravenous analgesics and antibiotics, but bleeding and pain persisted. Hysteroscopy attempted and hysteroscope could not enter the uterus beyond the prolapsed uterine mass. Multiple vaginal washes were given. Patient and relatives were insisting on definitive surgery and hence decision for exploratory laparotomy and myomectomy was taken. The plan was to conserve the uterus and adnexa but intra-operative findings revealed a large degenerated submucous fibroid of size 14 x 12 x 10cm prolapsing through the LSCS scar, causing ischemic injury to the whole of anterior wall of uterus. Bilateral ovaries and fallopian tubes were normal [3].

Total abdominal hysterectomy was planned and consent taken from husband and relatives, total abdominal hysterectomy was performed and bilateral ovaries conserved. Post operative period was uneventful and patient was discharged on 9th POD Histopathological examination revealed leiomyomawith hyaline degeneration [4].

Discussion

Uterine myomas are observed in pregnancy more frequently now than in the past because many women are delaying child bearing till their late thirties, which is the time for greatest risk of myoma growth. Hyaline degeneration is suggested to begin with venus obstruction at the periphery of lesion, which induces hemorrhagic infraction and extensive necrosis that involves the entire lesion. Traditionally obstetricians are trained to avoid myomectomy during caesarean section due to severe haemorrhage and post-operative morbidity often necessitating hysterectomy. But some authors advocate it to be a safe and effective procedure [5].

There are various new techniques available to effectively control hemorrhage during cesarean myomectomy like uterotonic drugs, uterine tornquit, bilateral artery ligation, uterine artery embolization, electro cautery, injecting diluted vasopressin in the fibroid. It is important that baby must be delivered prior to attempting myomectomy. Caesarean myomectomy can be performed in selected cases and it avoids the need for repeat laparotomy and its associated risks.

Conclusion

Caesarean myomectomy allows women to have a better obstetric outcome in future pregnancies, and to avoid hysterectomy. It relieves symptoms associated with fibroid and negates the need for later surgery or sonographyic follow-ups for the fibroid after delivery. It is a safe procedure in selected patients when performed in tertiary care hospitals by experienced obstetricians with newer measures available to curtail haemorrhage [5].

References

  1. Novak ER, Woodruff JD (1979) Myomaand other benign tumours of the uterus. In: Novak ER, Woodruff JG (Eds.), Novak’s Gynaecology and obstetric Pathology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 260-279.
  2. Courbiere B, Carcopino X (2007) GynecologieObster Obstetrics. Vernazobres-Greco. Fibromesuterins, pp.359-365.
  3. Okizuka H, Sugimura K, Takemori M, Obayashi C, Kitao M, et al (1993) MR detection of degenerating uterine leiomtomas. J Comput Assist Tomogr 17(5): 760-766.
  4. Ueda H, Togashi K, Konshi I, Kataoka ML, Koyama T, et al. (1999) Unusual appearance of uterine lwimyomas: MR imaging findings and their histopathologic backgrounds. Radiographics 19 Spec No: S131-S145.
  5. Kawakami S, Togashi K, Konishi I, Kimura I, Fukuoka M, et al. (1994) Red degeneration of uterine leimyoma: Mrappearance. J comput assist tomogr 18: 925-928.

© 2018 Devika Gunasheela. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.