Abstract

Free radicals are molecules with an unpaired electron; thus, they are highly reactive. The human body deals with the pathological effects of free radicals by utilizing antioxidant system. The concentration and location of ROS are the main determinants of their effect. Although there are several sources of vascular free radicals, the enzyme NADPH oxidase is emerging as a strong candidate for the excessive ROS production. A multitude of studies provide evidence that an uncontrolled production of ROS is involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease like atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the formation of intimal plaques. Monitoring and rapid detection of oxidative stress markers is necessary to combat the spread of various diseases.

Keywords: Free radicals; ROS; Antioxidant; Atherosclerosis; Oxidative stress markers