Abstract

Antibiotic resistance-or, to put it more broadly, Antimicrobial Resistance, or AMR-keeps evolving and extending past all boundaries. Consequently, treating infectious diseases has grown more difficult or even unfeasible, leading to higher mortality and morbidity. Despite the standard antimicrobial therapy’s failure, no new class of antibiotics has been developed in the last few decades. As a result, a number of cutting-edge substitute strategies for dealing with these drug-resistant pathogenic microbes have been discovered. The aim of this review is to compile and evaluate the various physio-chemical approaches that are being used or suggested as possible substitutes for conventional antibiotics. These substitute techniques might influence how multi-drug resistant bacteria are treated in clinical settings including humans.

Keywords: Bacteria; Antimicrobial; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial resistance; Multi-drug resistant