Abstract

Broadly speaking, biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth that arises from the intricate and interdependent network of species, ecosystems, and genetic variation. Genetic recombination and mutation give birth to genetic variation even within species. Other factors that aid in environmental adaptation include genetic polymorphism, isolation of gene pools, local selection pressures, and environmental complexity. For example, many crop variations exist because of genetic variety, which enables the types to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Importantly, it is crucial to recognize the functions that microorganisms play in this adaptation. Soil bacteria belonging to the genus Agrobacterium are one type of microorganism that has a significant impact on the variety of plant life on Earth. In the field of biotechnology, Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogenic bacterium that can cause Crown Gall disease by transferring a segment of oncogenic DNA, also known as T DNA (transfer DNA), to susceptible plant cells on a large plasmid known as the tumor inducing or Ti plasmid. The current article primarily focuses on the relatively underappreciated role of Agrobacterium in providing much-needed plant diversity to aid in the preservation of ecological equilibrium, which benefits society, and examines this role based on literature investigations. We begin by outlining the role that underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms play in the mutualistic relationship between Agrobacterium and plant species, which controls plant biodiversity. Next, we look at the crucial role that agrobacterium has played in the adaptability and evolution of the plant kingdom. We have finally illuminated the critical function Agrobacetrium plays in the conservation of biodiversity. We end by warning that, despite the fact that Agrobacterium has been crucial to the development of biotechnology, there are a lot of challenging problems related to its unintended impacts on biodiversity. A balanced strategy that considers the possible ecological consequences of genetic engineering procedures based on Agrobacterium is required to address these problems. Prioritizing sustainable approaches that reduce the risks associated with using Agrobacterium is essential as technology advances and ensures the long-term conservation of biodiversity.