Knowledge about Shisha Smoking and its Health Effects among Selected Girls College students, Farasan

a) To assess the knowledge about shisha smoking and its health effects among selected girls college students.
b) To associate the knowledge about shisha smoking and its health effects among selected girls college students their demographic variables.

The present study was conducted among 105 girl students of University College Farasan from department of Nursing, Home economics and English department respectively. The descriptive research design was used for the study. The samples which met the inclusion criteria are selected for the study by using convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted after obtaining the formal permission from the head of the institution to ensure anonymity. The informed consent was obtained from the study participants. No name was written in the demographic data of the participants. The data collection was done by self-administered structured questionnaire which includes demographic data such as age, marital status, residence, department, year of study, educational level of parents, and occupation of parents. Knowledge aspects regarding shisha smoking and its health effects includes introduction about shisha smoking, factors/reason associated with use of shisha, health effects of shisha smoking and source of information. Participants were instructed to fill up the questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics [3-5].

From the findings of the demographic data. It can be observed that the highest percentage (58.1%) of the respondents are from the age group 20-24 years, 61.9% respondents are unmarried (Single), 66.7% respondents are living in Urban areas, 41.9% respondent fathers educational qualification and 50.5% respondents mothers educational qualification is Primary level only. 65.7% respondent’s parents are employed (Table 1).

Table 1:Demographic characteristics of the female students from University College Farasan (N=10 -From each department 35 samples).

With regard to knowledge aspect of shisha smoking shows that around 51% of the respondents are known shisha or hookah refers to the kind of tobacco smoking in which the smoke or the vapor passes through water and not aware of shisha contains nicotine and it is a form of tobacco respectively. Factors related to use of shisha smoking, observed that, 60.0% of the respondents are known that curiosity is associated with use of shisha smoking whereas 53.3% of the respondents are don’t know about peer influence is a factor associated with use of shisha smoking. Highest (78.1%) percentage of the responded not knowing that shish smoking not improve the status and 66.7% of the respondents not knowing it because of time pass only. More or less similar percentage of the respondents are not knowing about Stress/ Anxiety and Shisha smoking are associated (72. 4%) and problem with study/ friends are not a reason for using shisha smoking (74.3%). However, Health effects of shisha smoking shows that highest percentage of the responded knowing answers for the item, Hazard of Lung Cancer (65.7%) and Hazard of Respiratory problems (57.1%) because of shisha smoking, whereas highest percentage of the responded not knowing answers for the item, Hazard of Cardiovascular problems (82.9%), Dental caries (67.6%), viral hepatitis (76.2%), Blindness (81.0%), problems during pregnancy (54.3%) and risk of infection due to sharing (62.9%) respectively. Further, majority of the respondents are not knowing information from News Paper (91.4%), Television (76.2%), and Family members (75.2%), Health professionals (74.3%) and Internet (54.3%) respectively. Further, it is also observed that 51.4% of the respondents are getting information regarding shisha smoking from friends and 54.3% of the respondents are not getting any information from Family members (75.2%) Health professionals (74. 3%) Television (76. 2%), News Paper (91.4%) and Internet (54.3%) respectively (Table 2). From the Chi square (Table 3), it is observe that there is a significant associations between Viral Hepatitis and Age, Shisha contains Nicotine and Residence, Cardiovascular Problems and Residence, Blindness and Residence, Ever Heard about Shisha and Level of Study, Ever Heard about Shisha and Level of Study, Problem with Friends and Level of Study, Respiratory Problems and Education level of Father, Problems during pregnancy and Education level of Father. On the other hand, there is no significant associations are found between remaining factors [6-8]. A Kruskal– Wallis H test Table 4 shows that the comparison between the study variables (i.e., levels of “Introduction about Shisha Smoking, Factors associates with Shisha, Health Effects of Shisha, Sources of Information”) and demography variables (i.e., levels of “Age, Marital Status, Residence, Department, Level Study, Education Level of Father, Education Level of Mother, Parents Occupation). There is a significant difference between the opinion about “Ever heard about shisha” and “Level Study”, with highest mean rank 65.00 for the group “Level 1”. Similarly, for the opinion about “Ever heard about shisha” and “Parents Occupation”, with the highest mean rank 56.17 for the group “Employed” [9-13]. Also, observed that there is a significant difference between the opinions about “Shisha Contain Nicotine”, “Cardiovascular Problems” and “Blindness” with “Residential Area” with highest mean rank respectively as “57.5”, “56.00” and “57.00” for the group “Urban”. Similarly, it can also be observed that, there is a significant difference between the opinions about “Ever heard about Shisha Smoking”, “Shisha Smoking refers to the kind of Tobacco Smoking”, “Problem with Study/ Friends” and “Level of Study” with highest mean rank “65.00”, “72.5”, “66.50” for the Levels respectively as “Level 1”, “Level 2” and “Level 5”. There is a significant difference between the opinions about “Respiratory Problems”, “Problems during Pregnancy” and “Education level of Father” with highest mean rank “83.00”, “59.50” for the education level “Graduate & Above”, “Secondary” respectively. Finally, it can observed that there is a significant difference between the opinion about “Ever heard about Shisha Smoking” and “Parent’s Occupation” with highest mean rank “56.17” for the factor “Employed”. On the other hand there is no significant associations are found between remaining factors (Table 4).

Table 2:Assessment of knowledge about shisha smoking and its health effects N=105.

Table 3:Chi square test.
Note: *p > 0.05 (Not significant); **p < 0.05 (Significant); ***p = 0.000 (Highly significant).

Table 4:Kruskal-Wallis H test [Highest mean rank].

To sum up, we may say that the poor knowledge about shisha smoking and its health effects among these participants. Though health awareness campaign was conducted at national level still the issues are going on as a major. Further periodical health promotional activities could solve the problem by advertisements and improve their knowledge about shisha use. Enforcement of laws to be implemented with penalty for the shisha users. Curriculum to be implemented with their course of study itself to build good characters.

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