Abstract

In conjunction with a set of strategic goals known as the “Manhattan Principles,” the phrase “One Health” (OH) was first used in 2003–2004 during the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in early 2003 and the following spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Although the concept of OH is not entirely new and has evolved over the past 200 years since its original conception as “One Medicine,” “One World, One Health,” and eventually “One Health”. According to the One Health Commission and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “One Health is defined as a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach-working at the local, regional, national, and global levels—with the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes,” taking into account the connections between people, other animals, plants, and their shared environment. Among the many advantages of OH, the COVID-19 pandemic is an intriguing illustration of how OH can be especially important for preventing, predicting, identifying, and responding to risks to global health. OH also has a significant impact on how food safety and antibiotic resistance are regulated, which reduces the burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases in society. Together with OA’s significant association with the Social Determinants of Health, OA contributes to the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals. OH is essential for global health governance, as demonstrated by its significant commitment to the endeavor of pandemic preparedness on a worldwide scale. The success of OH depends on its ability to evaluate its performance, which is done using normative, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods analysis to assess its influence across disciplines, sectors, species, paradigms, and demographics, and integrates at many spatial scales. Despite several challenges, the OH strategy can: Improve food safety and security; Prevent zoonotic disease epidemics in humans and animals; fewer diseases brought on by microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics, and better health for both people and animals; Conserve biodiversity and ensure the safety of the world’s health.