Abstract

Our societies must consider, manage, and address significant environmental changes. Some of these changes are related to how we produce and consume, while others are related more generally to climate changes, particularly global warming and elevated tropospheric ozone levels and their possible future impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity. However, information concerning predicting these impacts of tropospheric ozone (O₃) regimes on the number of generations of pests and the consequences of O₃ regimes on pest dynamics and outbreaks in the agro-ecosystem and reclaimed lands are fragmentary and no detailed information are available.

Keywords:Global warming; Tropospheric ozone; Pest dynamic; Bioindicators